Action is widely characterized as possessing a teleological dimension.The dominant way of describing goal-directed action and agency is in terms of exploitation, i.e.
, pursuing pre-specified goals bolia outlet gent using existing strategies.Recent theoretical developments emphasize the place of exploration, i.e.
, discovering new goals or acquiring new strategies.The exploitation-exploration distinction poses questions with regard to goals and agency: Should exploration, as some authors have suggested, be regarded as acting without a goal? We argue that recognizing the hierarchical nature of goals is crucial in distinguishing the two kinds of activity, because this recognition prevents the claim that exploration is goal-free, while allowing for a homogeneous account of both exploitative and explorative actions.An action typically causes relatively low-level/proximal (i.
e., sensorimotor, immediate) and relatively high-level/distal (i.e.
, in the environment, at a wider timescale) outcomes.In exploitation, one relies on existing associations between low- and high-level states, whereas in exploration one does not have the ability or intention to control high-level/distal states.We argue that explorative action entails the capacity to exercise control within the low-level/proximal states, which enables the pursuit of natio glide on eyeshadow stick indeterminate goals at the higher levels of a goal hierarchy, and the possibility of acquiring new goals and reorganization of goal hierarchies.
We consider how the dominant models of agency might accommodate this capacity for explorative action.